5th std EVS chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and howto Prevent them l question and answer l explanation in marathi

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Environmental Studies -  5th Standard

23. Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them

Question And Answer

Q1. What’s the solution ?

You are very hungry, but the food has been left uncovered.

Ans: 1) If the food is left uncovered, it will be contaminated with dirt, dust and flies.

2) Many microorganisms may be present in them. Such food can cause infections. Therefore, such food should not be eaten.

3) If we are hungry we can eat packed biscuits or fruits like, banana which can be peeled and eaten.

4) If food is boiling hot, we can consume otherwise even if we are very hungry, we should not eat uncovered food.

Q2. Use your brain power !

Which method of preventing the breeding of mosquitoes will you recommend for your surroundings- not allowing water to stagnate or spraying insecticides on the water ? why ?

Ans: 1) In the stagnate water mosquitoes breed. Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria, dengue and elephantiasis. Therefore, stagnant water should not be allowed to remain in our surroundings.

2) One can also use insecticides to destroy mosquitoes. But this would also create insecticide pollution.

3) Insecticides have the ability to stay in the environment for an extended period and they harm the environment. Therefore it is better to remove stagnant water than to spray insecticide.

Q3. Answer the following questions.

(a) What is an infectious disease ?

Ans: The disease caused by specific microorganism is an infectious disease. It is transmitted from one person to another through infections.

(b) What are the mediums of the spread of diseases ?

Ans: Contaminated air, water, food are mediums of the spread of disease. Lice, flea and mosquito also spread certain diseases, direct contact through touch and contact with contaminated clothes or utensils can also cause disease.

(c) What happens when there is an epidemic of a disease ?

Ans: When the epidemic of a disease is spread. Many people from a particular area become ill with the same disease at the same time.

(d) What is vaccination ?

Ans: Vaccination is the process in which the vaccine is given to the person or child through injection or as an oral dose. It helps to prevent the diseases. This vaccine builds resistance power in our body to fight against a certain disease.

(e) Make a list of the vaccinations that are given to a newborn baby.

Ans: 1) BCG or anti tuberculosis vaccine.

2) Triple vaccine: Given against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

3) Polio oral vaccine is given to build resistance against polio.

Q4. True or false ?

(a) Intestinal diseases spread through air.

Ans: False

(b) Some diseases are caused by the anger of the gods.

Ans: False

Q5. Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water and through air. Malaria, typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, jaundice, gastro,

diarrhoea, diphtheria.

Q6. Give reasons.

(a) When there is an epidemic of cholera, we should drink boiled water.

Ans: 1) Cholera is an acute epidemic infectious disease it is caused by the contaminated water.

2) The germs of these disease spread through faeces of patient this passes in the water or food as a result the water gets contaminated and drinking this water is dangerous for the health.

(b) We should not allow puddles of water to stand in our surroundings.

Ans: The stagnant water of puddles will encourage mosquito growth which will lead to many diseases like malaria dengue etc. Therefore we should not allow puddles of water to stand in our surroundings.

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